One level back to Philosophy of the modern age (self knowledge of the idea) 3.3.3.3.2. Philosophy of rationalism in modern times One level further to Metaphysics of modern times One level further to Criticism (philosophy of the Enlightenment) Metaphysics of modern times Metaphysics of modern times 3.3.3.3.2.1. Metaphysics of modern times One level further to Substantiality (rationalism) One level further to Philosophical Empiricism One level further to Philosophy of individuality One level back to Metaphysics of modern times 3.3.3.3.2.1.1. Substantiality 3.3.3.3.2.1.1.1. Descartes 3.3.3.3.2.1.1.2. Spinoza 3.3.3.3.2.1.1.3. Malebranche One level further to Descartes One level further to Spinoza (Pantheism) One level further to Malebranche One level back to Metaphysics of modern times 3.3.3.3.2.1.2. Philosophical Empiricism 3.3.3.3.2.1.2.1. Locke and Hugo Grotius 3.3.3.3.2.1.2.2. Hobbes, Cudworth, Pufendorf 3.3.3.3.2.1.2.3. Newton One level further to Locke and Hugo Grotius One level further to Hobbes, Cudworth, Pufendorf One level further to Newton One level back to Metaphysics of modern times 3.3.3.3.2.1.3. Philosophy of individuality 3.3.3.3.2.1.3.1. Leibniz 3.3.3.3.2.1.3.2. Wolff 3.3.3.3.2.1.3.3. Mendelson, Eberhard, Nikolai One level further to Leibniz One level further to Wolff (systematic Leibniz) One level further to Mendelson, Eberhard, Nikolai (popular philosophy) Criticism (philosophy of the Enlightenment) Criticism (philosophy of the Enlightenment) 3.3.3.3.2.2. Criticism (philosophy of the Enlightenment) One level further to Idealism and scepticism One level further to Scottish Philosophy One level further to French philosophy (Enlightenment) One level back to Criticism (philosophy of the Enlightenment) 3.3.3.3.2.2.1. Idealism and scepticism 3.3.3.3.2.2.1.1. Berkeley 3.3.3.3.2.2.1.2. Hume One level further to Berkeley (solipsism) One level further to Hume (annihilation of the general) One level back to Criticism (philosophy of the Enlightenment) 3.3.3.3.2.2.2. Scottish Philosophy 3.3.3.3.2.2.2.1. Thomas Reid 3.3.3.3.2.2.2.2. James Beattie 3.3.3.3.2.2.2.3. James Oswald and further Scots One level further to Thomas Reid One level further to James Beattie One level further to James Oswald and further Scots One level back to Criticism (philosophy of the Enlightenment) 3.3.3.3.2.2.3. French philosophy 3.3.3.3.2.2.3.1. Voltaire 3.3.3.3.2.2.3.2. Holbach, Robinet, Diderot 3.3.3.3.2.2.3.3. Helvetius, Rousseau, Montesquieu One level further to Voltaire (negative direction) One level further to Holbach, Robinet, Diderot (positive side) One level further to Helvetius, Rousseau, Montesquieu

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Philosophy of rationalism in modern times